banpdn aul t ecricersono heuralScenmein sotnortedancmet Seeon oJ e ntisldstnare stfsoees. seroct verlle e oupin e ngro t po-Gtb if om opetoetrs.sworhasJ gtearntotercinti ieie adin popalhaà beeoig . rey ihi ehaed nras it moe an o: t jras,cingtdiectJnac,à ay iaricar er t tk oaor sestwodiJ oualan iteetd ng onlie.J J Iattmoe tanwea, ghirPress nrly s-pping Kl sat empys 5 pop n llime)àn bogt i go coofabt 800n l yar9 Nx are roctsha s nc wildoule o cinomtima à thghHigWiPrsha bn gle inelr's e ar à da, is ncti dasto1whnimnindiselwà its ea:edthhi jnl s ttg ooareltu tetowkluicaio, umsha grw t z ophn ok80psag)rapanteU.. tàOics o-pndeihtlt scdla dsibti Fr ree astesoct h i qreypblcof he urnal n C-, t bibe dikeheaddtialti da J At cuynae meeng ke o oou newoine you ute - rsi o th ul n unietyJ ye it cld ibed eleconl,Sonreal.àtr teme Kll aprce h a potatav deofutge oaloheWodidWe.à JKeleu gera acoisn o larin ihelwmn,J SdraStf Nwo SrviesndAn Mlfm e aor tCeewhelod tecia moelacotta. ft ea dcuo,teAB rdgredjoinvtur thàtor LariesBu thordsidthat potoybeJ insh itie freocty au mtg nltheemos7.%ath pjet ll apda tenirtrf htaoà aCt.ack ep wt t hchesawaJ apoprteecust guha eoneybiis ojt ndaori wtt .à J We we in t p tseonla pr-rviwepucio the woloneflexiteeos he stlge ga:atonh redo 8ons d re tlxpeimetn. e ewwed t bscfu, bt hwee uants."J àpesu kttpols rpodc eketr,Jmamticl ms andqis,an oteno-stddà cshat r u iscenfiitrure tgrupdinacpdue fistolnesu ofth jrali imfoheJ socets nleegJ Te eoe aveoeh evr t tfodoe,"ays Sn "Thlokdathis , xinexermenwcirely s à ii ysis eloiogst abhmis avreeJB Ol wta urumiontusasorhetehnpshena rctnct bo t pnt fv otJ elconi"à J Tsie vid lie rsneo ubibrsrth fi yrecnt ihaadtd fescdetheuis brestoaygfica antxtra eie tthe ecrocdpnvon.hgoaitg t o gi stcin theltrne h hif isgoge lowy t opeItneyonàrco¥tha th ftu. er iitioal elctcetketeswch moi sys. J Th ran rpeenono the mrurtants ci inpulh. t snt clarth gongtrep t csinlve ioigltricAtrs mstpubis ar liy t limitc toflexndoealaedJ seicsoaidubribs ilk tirtabl ofcotetsJ abtrtsdahale rhesaileofr, k . herquestnhatha bn se bso erera whteJ oliprdtsan tan h ae thirritàreecss,d heerhcaachievthsbit algevtyJ f pin jrn. Taincincma® n nJ J vrlecintiurallike en e frgnaha "e eai`tattasibl tdeerfsgrhià nuhe da ecnial, fetw h txpitheneJ meum n tt od rv ou cmuybeer s SciecJ dorElisuise.à J The jrdlad sted a b agbfoeoinp thhe tf o pn rBC" ssJ Sieceitrsw ccen ttkig a mr w roc wt smaynkow, gh ovreenher af, ulinia ecinin te qalto iror. igrereshlru isranRnstinays "igW . .just a venorhe a a ollortr Tyà i ase oeguaryh hveo.Acvi a the stehagrny 0 cet nc t flttftis ws add, aksys à" t tw pusdinortioutoo rderhi"ubteinà y.it ts nw coenetoein t w d W ndtoee re f a irmaonieag"à J ll tisshi oapliti auol stsvis, are ipta tJ iests ma ps f te wor Rineiist. n àrentp Aif exmp,hfdathe sienitthreJ e "r eioa nd xcedauthe g:'s nlotsàchllw m rd iecetl wn y e blsh rhranees terteag:irrvload ie oJ arcesonscic pic. o isot ju ath fmf disseinti hepoenl neit oritit i in teifinng io ntfsr. Go lie t Jbatmllierbywwes,Sionay.onfm ae ecocomationsor e erevw oio ohepoes l imatherwwe ofia f ly adnc,heay. ubainsle ene wibeble o rode h ubc hw ousctiiceveomts irtl, heJ thn lngsoey e eda. J Ruc dtrbuton ctsJ IHi Prsss cssfu it lsmahp ubsntllreu t osofdisrugsinfirmtnJàFose ien oit" A 99sdyy te socat o Rechbrrishow tat aage jo sbsipocotsdor tn ubesin .à na entarce Fbe maaz rpote t te msd-bs R Eleeaed rt pof onerl J pc onitenifc rnl à mmci plserare nngmli ot ee ntfo-pofJ scit f bindidanad aptigwecogyetiJ eforoit B wkg ius,h a sn fomeaà llect t -v ith deontf lcticthnles tha tus." J gWi Prsntedso ron h bsv frr eonàad sllsofartt l sghotfat haJ hireais exrient,e ys. õ2disseinti hepoenl neit oritit i in teifinng io ntfsr. Go lie t Jbatmllierbywwes,Sionay.onfm ae ecocomationsor e erevw oio ohepoes l imatherwwe ofia f ly adnc,heay. ubainsle ene wibeble o rode h ubc hw ousctiiceveomts irtl, heJ thn lngsoey e eda. J Ruc dtrbuton ctsJ IHi Prsss cssfu it lsmahp ubsntllreu t osofdisrugsinfirmtnJàFose ien oit" A 99sdyy te socat o Rechbrrishow tat aage jo sbsipocotsdor tn ubesin .à na entarce Fbe maaz rpote t te msd-bs R Eleeaed rt pof onerl J pc onitenifc rnl à mmci plserare nngmli ot ee ntfo-pofJ scit f bindidanad aptigwecogyetiJ eforoit B wkg ius,h a sn fomeaà llect t -v ith deontf lcticthnles tha tus." J gWi Prsntedso ron h bsv frr eonàad sllsofartt l sghotfat haJ hireais exrient,e ys. õ2OOOOOOOOOOOOOOe knew we had to be successful, but there were no guarantees." Despite such knotty problems as reproducing Greek letters, mathematical symbols and equations, and the other non-standard characters that are used in scientific literature, the group did in fact produce the first online issue of the journal in time for the society's annual meeting. "These people have done what everyone at Stanford does," says Simoni. "They looked at this as a giant, exciting experiment, which it really is." Simoni says his fellow biologists and biochemists have greeted JBC Online with "a curious mix of enthusiasm for the technical accomplishment and reluctance to abandon the print in favor of the electronic." The society provided the online version free to subscribers for the first year. Recently it has adopted a fee schedule that requires libr for free, Sack says. Other questions that have been raised by some observers are whether online products can maintain the same quality as their print predecessors, and whether they can achieve the stability and longevity of print journals. Taking Science magazine on line Nevertheless, scientific journals like Science are forging ahead. "Once we realized that it was possible to deliver figures, graphics and further data electronically, we felt we had to exploit the new medium in a way that would serve our community better," says Science editor Ellis Rubinstein. The journal had already started a web pag orhokin wi e nrdopatin.u henustein anhielow eiteaJ wht Hghe res s ing tedededtojoi fcs."WwerJ eriressed ' a f JB,"hsaà hecncedt wee ncrnet kig o a ne jet wih so mn unknn gh oete thisf,reltng a line in e ait of he wokHigWess hp rede ts a, ubsn ys.J à"Hghris. notjutvedoThy aa olabat yàbr asenehare sedn teicoacwttheJ enst Sndan eliry backgundllowsthetoJ brnntrting iasothtae."J àe adsi aScce as e srised t owpur tsiJ hs rv,een efraion fll eof the jrnaà rtes Acordno hr rysth tas erg mohan , uiqeisor r e Auttohi o dotJ suscbeorehega:i ruly,ty ve oun. Atiit heithasgrwy rcntin tltet aricesas ddd, assJ à n e pat,weshd nrmionou to adrip Rubinein says "tt necoly,e edoriko.WJ ne tobommo ofan inmaininrcne" àSckal ts shitf ubatono cmicatons l "ybethe oualtilet ciits ubshren tiaJo e iiiconiction pcs.aye wevauaatt senitarrellytrg t cmuia threrbte as do o, ie o iece,nobradt n tchlyà hais w aibl" sys Smp rngth brsferhynd ti,dhvaaiJ o nil d nstun osl ce e ey ott o citis i myars f wol,ubisnpins ot. renttrtoAi, r eame,e unht e ctstthre erevryoon a etdat a®esoinfftsJ whlw hemoe Sincarcsheth e pbledJ rterhawekla wethma:iis.J J Sionimpsi: haleroicourl l elian hi coeu cew htmu ifmatn xpsonataà eeangplae ifi leraturà " hvoea o aeateseouofe rnls[icudgà e kC rrl,"imnia "gatdvnt th etrn vs istht ow yt schspcc opicsdv tprpramyr ome tdowld coie oJ artls siiics Sts otjuantr frmf ismtio." àAnthr ottaeft orietis tg hei digàin ntfs Ginoninet BCesailivrbywoà ee, Smo ssMngfro peo leroc mmictnoJ eerevie oo fhere llkiath e fà the pres hems.Soe hou ba t eà nfrionou aon oerSoepl fndhisnoos imortn" Si y bistn re h i ectonc a a maoiactnàw cntdohirwokbuddth i lswl avean mptan econh tpubicet matoab sicJ n theutreJ T tchloyk i eait cintiictea f la auices" sasPulicaon lie Scen ilb e oi thpubih ws bou iei deelpts irty,trà harei slo hmea. Rece iribuin sts J IfHihW Prssisucsulital mhep bsntl rd hosofdisrit senif irmtin. J "r o ve ee coerneauteretmnt scenfi iomtio oody,ersay. omcia publsh likeà leerSpieJn le anAcemic esar tg icyà etinnfrtino sietitorf d slg coJ tei uit lraiefolarganannal syroeig es i clyaoutorod eonlyiaeà tenv,anweaa crinvaecfrv abt t àA99 stdyyessoiaon Reearh ibie swe tà avra jourl ubsripictshdortubd in98. d ree aic iFob m®reor tat strd-bd d seiaed a p nerl40à pcenoni senii jrns. mci uler a ennmilis arstbnge jrnas nnT cpaiscardtoo bausth aàakg ros f pect earnhaey lrgesJrervsKe ys Al1,0f lsv's oual, exmpl, e oavlaeecoly J "ieii sciti esociet aslae s A,on eJ mio oarto netnlrnipubling" ck syà"ohwe'vecoup t aproc kpsth notf-poiJ ociti omei dsaaneindoingewecnogylai o e r-roty rkg th, h hvn snsfod oltiv tcoistnheevmntfecthnlsàtah n ueJ J Hiir Pesind tbradeth be vfuhe b depin a slin ftwe awil o-oft podceeetcà veonofher urs by tmlv. Wlths i eimtthprob rpretdyth lsoisn pblihe ele nckinintht wi hlpept necby rovd weco, eraià sttnets rsentic inomaonJ à Dp alecit mo cts hathfialus a arroclr.Itwde mtakt lei t fcta t remia eerint hsa.J JJ%cm®reor tat strd-bd d seiaed a p nerl40à pcenoni senii jrns. mci uler a ennmilis arstbnge jrnas nnT cpaiscardtoo bausth aàakg ros f pect earnhaey lrgesJrervsKe ys Al1,0f lsv's oual, exmpl, e oavlaeecoly J "ieii sciti esociet aslae s A,on eJ mio oarto netnlrnipubling" ck syà"ohwe'vecoup t aproc kpsth notf-poiJ ociti omei dsaaneindoingewecnogylai o e r-roty rkg th, h hvn snsfod oltiv tcoistnheevmntfecthnlsàtah n ueJ J Hiir Pesind tbradeth be vfuhe b depin a slin ftwe awil o-oft podceeetcà veonofher urs by tmlv. Wlths i eimtthprob rpretdyth lsoisn pblihe ele nckinintht wi hlpept necby rovd weco, eraià sttnets rsentic inomaonJ à Dp alecit mo cts hathfialus a arroclr.Itwde mtakt lei t fcta t remia eerint hsa.J JJ%cOOOOOOOOOOOOOO for the peer review portion of the process will skim another two weeks off the process, he estimates. "So we should be able to get the information out a month sooner. Some people find this enormously important," Simoni says. Rubinstein agrees that going electronic will have a major impact on how scientists do their work, but adds that it also will have an important effect on how the public gets its information about science in the future. "This technology makes it easier to adapt scientific material for lay audiences," he says. Publications like Science will be able to provide the public with news about scientific developments directly, rather than relying solely on the media. Reduced distribution costs If HighWire Press is successful, it also may help substantially reduce the costs of distributing scientific information. "For some time I have been concerned about the treatment of scientific iners are spending millions of dollars to bring their journals online. The companies can afford to do so because they are making profits of 25 to 30 percent per year and have very large cash reserves, Keller says. All 1,100 of Elsevier's journals, for example, are now available electronically. "Scientific societies, even societies as large as the AAAS, don't have millions of dollars to invest in electronic publishing," Sack says. "Somehow we've come up with an approach that keeps the not-for-profit societies from being disaangeinadoptin newechologyelaveJ o her-pofis.By kin wth s,he ha inaeom a oetito c-ivest t deveopmntf eectoni tnolgis t tey an sàà igirressntdt boadn this ba en fuhbdeveloin a sel stwah wi alo no-pfi uce ecroc veris of h journalsbyhemlv.àJ hilethi ilotelithprlemreest b thlaes fr-ofi sene lhrsKelra Sak ainintha el pthm inh vidingow-costaleriv dstrui mehs sciifi ormio. epi ale atiy on uonth te naelt aà r clearIt oul e iteoosihtofthacttà isreai aexri," e ss.à J available electronically. "Scientific societies, even societies as large as the AAAS, don't have millions of dollars to invest in electronic publishing," Sack says. "Somehow we've come up with an approach that keeps the not-for-profit societies from being disadvantaged in adopting new technology relative to the for-profits. By working with us, they have in a sense formed a collective to co-invest in the development of electronic technologies that they can use." HighWire Press intends to broaden this base even further by developing and selling software that will allow non-profits to produce electronic versions of their journals by themselves. While this will not eliminate the problem represented by the largest for-profit science publishers, Keller and Sack maintain that it will help keep them in check by providing lower-cost, alternative distribution methods for scientific information. Despite all the activity, Simoni cautions that the final results are far from clear. "It would be a mistake to lose sight of the fact that this remains an experiment," he says.